Systems and methods for providing access to wireless gaming devices

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for controlling access to wireless gaming devices and networks are provided. For example, access is controlled through one or more levels of security checks, such as a hard security check instead of or in addition to a soft security check. In a hard security check, the user employs an apparatus such as a card or other physical token that can be used to access the wireless gaming device. Such an apparatus may communicate information that identifies the user to the device or may simply be used to produce a signal without which the device is locked to users.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/387,823 filed on Apr. 18, 2019 which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/252,407 filed Apr. 14, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No.10,286,300 issued on May 14, 2019), which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/324,269, filed Nov. 26, 2008 (now U.S.Pat. No. 8,695,876 issued on Apr. 15, 2014), which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/418,939, filed May 5, 2006 (now U.S.Pat. No. 7,549,576 issued on Jun. 23, 2009), each of which is herebyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of gaming and, moreparticularly, to a gaming system and method incorporating a wirelessnetwork and systems and methods for providing access thereto.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Virtual casinos are accessible via communications networks such as theInternet. For example, on-line casinos present a graphicalrepresentation of games, such as casino games, to a user on the screenof a computer in communication with the Internet. The user may placewagers, participate in the gaming, and win or lose money. Receipt ofwinnings, or payment of losses is typically handled through a creditaccount.

Participants may use gaming devices, some of which may be wireless, toaccess such on-line casinos. However, security of wireless gamingdevices (e.g., handhelds such as the Blackberry™ handheld device) may besub-optimal as it is typically accomplished through soft checks. Forexample, a user may be merely asked to enter a valid user name andassociated password to provided access to a particular gaming device.

It would therefore be desirable to provide mechanisms that betterguarantee secure access to wireless gaming devices and gaming systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide mechanisms thatbetter guarantee secure access to wireless gaming devices and gamingsystems.

This and other objects are accomplished in accordance with theprinciples of the invention by providing gaming networks with one ormore levels of security checks, such as a hard security check, insteadof, or in addition to, a soft security check before access to a gamingdevice is granted. In a hard security check, the user employs anapparatus such as a card or other physical token that can be used toaccess the gaming device. Such an apparatus may communicate informationthat identifies the user to the device or may be used to produce asignal without which the device is locked.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a device capable ofdetecting or reproducing a signal from an apparatus is provided. Accessto the device is provided when the signal is detected. Alternatively oradditionally, the signal may include identifying information that needsto be verified in order to provide access to the device. The apparatusmay include a medium for storing identifying information as well as anemitter for communicating the identifying information to the device suchthat access to the device is provided when the identifying informationis associated with a user that is authorized to operate the device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention and forfurther features and advantages, reference is now made to the followingdescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates a convenience gaming system according to certainembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a convenience gaming system with a wireless networkaccording to certain embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a convenience gaming system illustratingvarious gaming activities in accordance with certain embodiments of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a convenience gaming system showing coverage areas inaccordance with certain embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates a convenience gaming system with a wireless networkshowing triangulation location determination in accordance with certainembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting steps in a convenience gaming methodaccording to certain embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 7 depicts a convenience gaming system showing a communication pathin accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates a ship-based convenience gaming system in accordancewith certain embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates a convenience gaming device and apparatus for use inaccordance with certain embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 10 illustrates a convenience gaming device and apparatus inaccordance with certain embodiments of the present invention; and

FIG. 11 illustrates another convenience gaming device in accordance withcertain embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A convenience gaming system enables participants to engage in gamingactivities from remote and/or mobile locations. The possible gamingactivities include gambling, such as that provided by casinos. Gamblingactivities may include any casino-type gambling activities including,but not limited to, slot machines, video poker, table games (e.g.,craps, roulette, blackjack, pai gow poker, Caribbean stud poker,baccarat, etc), the wheel of fortune game, keno, sports betting, horseracing, dog racing, jai alai, and other gambling activities. The gamingactivities can also include wagering on any type of event. Events caninclude, for example, sporting events, such as horse or auto racing, andathletic competitions such as football, basketball, baseball, golf, etc.Events can also include such things that do not normally involvewagering. Such events may include, without limitation, politicalelections, entertainment industry awards, and box office performance ofmovies. Gaming can also include non-wagering games and events. Gamingcan also include lotteries or lottery-type activities such as state andinterstate lotteries. These can include all forms of number-selectionlotteries, “scratch-off” lotteries, and other lottery contests. Theconvenience gaming system may be implemented over a communicationsnetwork such as a cellular network or a private wireless and/or wirelinenetwork. Examples of the latter include WiFi and WiMax networks. In someembodiments, the convenience gaming system communications network isentirely independent of the Internet. In other embodiments, theconvenience gaming system operation makes minimal use of the Internet,such that only information for which there is no security issues istransmitted via the Internet and/or information may be encrypted.Preferably, the communications network enables players to participate ingaming from remote locations (e.g., outside of the gaming area of acasino). Also, the system may enable players to be mobile duringparticipation in the convenience gaming activities. Preferably, thesystem has a location verification or determination feature, which isoperable to permit or disallow gaming from the remote location dependingupon whether or not the location meets one or more criteria. Thecriterion may be, for example, whether the location is within apre-defined area in which gaming is permitted by law.

As shown in FIG. 1, for example, convenience gaming system 10 includesat least one user 12. The system may include additional users such thatthere is at least a first user 12 and a second user 14. Multiple usersmay access a first convenience gaming system 10, while other multipleusers access a second convenience gaming system (not shown) incommunication with first gaming system 10. Users 12 and 14 preferablyaccess system 10 by way of a gaming communication device 13. Gamingcommunication device 13 may comprise any suitable device fortransmitting and receiving electronic communications. Examples of suchdevices include, without limitation, mobile phones, PDAs, computers,mini-computers, etc. Gaming communication devices 13 transmit andreceive gaming information to and from communications network 16. Gaminginformation is also transmitted between network 16 and a computer 18,such as a server, which may reside within the domain of a gaming serviceprovider 20. The location of computer 18 is not critical, however, andcomputer 18 may reside adjacent to or remote from the domain of gamingservice provider 20. Moreover, in certain embodiments, a gaming serviceprovider is not required. The computer 18 and/or gaming service provider20 may reside within, adjacent to, or remote from a gaming provider (notshown in FIG. 1). The gaming provider may be an actual controller ofgames, such as a casino. As an example, a gaming service provider may belocated on the grounds of a casino and the computer 18 may be physicallywithin the geographic boundaries of the gaming service provider. Asdiscussed, however, either possibilities exist for remote location ofthe computer 18 and the gaming service provider 20. Computer 18 mayfunction as a gaming server. Additional computers (not expressly shown)may function as database management computers and redundant servers, forexample.

Preferably, software resides on both the gaming communication device 13and the computer 18. Software resident on gaming communication device 13is preferably operable to present information corresponding to gamingactivities (including gambling and non-gambling activities discussedherein) to the user. The information includes, without limitation,graphical representations of objects associated with the activities, andpresentation of options related to the activities and selectable by theuser. The gaming communication device software is also preferablyoperable to receive data from the computer and data input by the user orinformation communicated through another device or apparatus. Softwareresident on the computer is preferably able to exchange data with thegaming communication device, access additional computers and datastorage devices, and perform all of the functions described herein aswell as functions common to known electronic gaming systems.

Gaming information transmitted across network 16 may include anyinformation, in any format, which is necessary or desirable in theoperation of the gaming experience in which the user participates. Theinformation may be transmitted in whole, or in combination, in anyformat including digital or analog, text or voice, and according to anyknown or future transport technologies, which may include, for example,wireline or wireless technologies. Wireless technologies may include,for example, licensed or license-exempt technologies. Some specifictechnologies which may be used include, without limitation, CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM), General Packet Radio Service (CPRS), WiFi (802.11x), WiMax(802.16x), Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Digital SubscriberLine (DSL), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), or cable modemtechnologies. These are examples only and one of ordinary skill willunderstand that other types of communication techniques are within thescope of the present invention. Further, it will be understood thatadditional components may be used in the communication of informationbetween the users and the gaming server. Such additional components mayinclude, without limitation, lines, trunks, antennas, switches, cables,transmitters, receivers, computers, routers, servers, fiber opticaltransmission equipment, repeaters, amplifiers, etc.

In at least one embodiment, the communication of gaming information maytake place through the Internet or without involvement of the Internet.In certain embodiments, a portion of the gaming information may betransmitted over the Internet. Also, some or all of the gaminginformation may be transmitted partially over an Internet communicationspath. In certain embodiments, some information is transmitted entirelyor partially over the Internet, but the information is either not gaminginformation or is gaming information that does or does not need to bemaintained secretly. For instance, data that causes a graphicalrepresentation of a table game on the user's gaming communication devicemight be transmitted at least partially over the Internet, whilewagering information transmitted by the user might be transmittedentirely over a non-Internet communications network. As another example,identifying information associated with a hard check apparatus (e.g., abracelet as discussed below) may or may not be transmitted from thegaming communication device to a server over the Internet.

According to some embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2 forexample, the communications network 21 comprises a cellular network 22.Cellular network 22 comprises a plurality of base stations 23, each ofwhich has a corresponding coverage area 25. Base station technology isgenerally known and the base stations may be of any type found in atypical cellular network. The base stations may have coverage areas thatoverlap. Further, the coverage areas may be sectorized ornon-sectorized. The network also includes mobile stations 24, whichfunction as the gaming communication devices used by users to access theconvenience gaming system and participate in the activities available onthe convenience gaming system. Users are connected to the network ofbase stations via transmission and reception of radio signals. Thecommunications network also includes at least one voice/data switch 26,which is preferably connected to the wireless portion of the network viaa dedicated, secure landline. The communications network also includes agaming service provider 28, which is likewise connected to thevoice/data switch via a dedicated, secure landline. The voice/dataswitch may be connected to the wireless network of base stations via amobile switching center (MSC), for example and the landline may beprovided between the voice/data switch and the MSC.

Users access the convenience gaming system by way of mobile stationswhich are in communication with, and thus part of, the communicationsnetwork. The mobile station may be any electronic communication devicethat is operable in connection with the network as described. Forexample, in this particular embodiment, the mobile station may comprisea cellular telephone.

Preferably, in the case of a cellular network for example, theconvenience gaming system is enabled through the use of a private labelcarrier network. Each base station is programmed by the cellular carrierto send and receive private secure voice and/or data transmissions toand from mobile station handsets. The handsets are preferablypreprogrammed with both gaming software and the carrier's authenticationsoftware. The base stations communicate via Private T-1 lines to aswitch. A gaming service provider leases a private T-1 or T-3 line,which routes the calls back to gaming servers controlled by the gamingservice provider. Encryption can be installed on the telephones ifrequired by a gaming regulation authority, such as a gaming commission.

The cellular network is preferably a private, closed system. Mobilestations communicate with base stations and base stations are connectedto a centralized switch located within a gaming jurisdiction. At theswitch, voice calls are transported either locally or via long distance.Specific service provider gaming traffic is transported from the centralswitch to a gaming server at a host location, which can be a casino orother location.

As subscribers launch their specific gaming application, the handsetwill only talk to certain base stations with cells or sectors that havebeen engineered to be wholly within the gaming jurisdiction. Forexample, if a base station is close enough to pick up or send a signalacross state lines, it will not be able to communicate with the device.When a customer uses the device for gaming, the system may prohibit, ifdesired, the making or receiving voice calls. Moreover, voice can beeliminated entirely if required. Further, the devices are preferably notallowed to “connect” to the Internet. This ensures a high level ofcertainty that bets/wagers originate and terminate within the boundariesof the gaming jurisdiction and the “private” wireless system cannot becircumvented or bypassed. In certain embodiments, some data and/or voicetraffic may be communicated at least partially over the Internet. Insome embodiments, certain non-gaming information may be transported overa path which includes the Internet, while other information relating tothe gaming activities of the system is transported on a path that doesnot include the Internet.

As shown in FIG. 3, a gaming communication device 32 is in communicationwith a gaming service provider 36 over a network 34. The gaming serviceprovider preferably has one or more servers, on which are residentvarious gaming and other applications. As shown in FIG. 3, some examplegaming applications include horse racing and other sports, financialexchange, casino and/or virtual casino, entertainment and other eventsexchange, and news and real time entertainment. Each of theseapplications may be embodied in one or more software modules. Theapplications may be combined in any possible combination. Additionally,it should be understood that these applications are not exhaustive andthat other applications may exist to provide an environment to the userthat is associated with any of the described or potential convenienceactivities.

In other embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 4, for example,the communications network comprises a private wireless network. Theprivate wireless network may include, for example, an 802.11x (WiFi)network technology to cover “Game Spots” or “Entertainment Spots.” InFIG. 4, various WiFi networks are indicated as networks 41. Networks 41may use other communications protocols to provide a private wirelessnetwork including, but not limited to, 802.16x (WiMax) technology.Further, networks 41 may be interconnected. Also, a convenience gamingsystem may comprise a combination of networks as depicted in FIG. 4. Forexample, there is shown a combination of private wireless networks 44, acellular network comprising a multi-channel access unit or sectorizedbase station 42, and a satellite network comprising one or moresatellites 46.

With respect to the private wireless network, because the preferabletechnology covers smaller areas, (e.g., in the range of 100-300 feet)and provides very high-speed throughput, the private wireless network isparticularly well-suited for gaming commission needs of location andidentity verification for the gaming service provider products. Thegaming spots enabled by networks 41 may include a current casino area48, new areas such as swimming pools, lakes or other recreational areas49, guest rooms and restaurants such as might be found in casino 48 orhotels 45 and 47, residential areas 40, and other remote conveniencegaming areas 43. The configuration of the overall convenience gamingsystem depicted in FIG. 4 is intended only as an example and may bemodified within the scope of the invention.

In some embodiments of the invention, the system architecture for theconvenience gaming system includes:

(1) a wireless LAN (Local Access Network) component, which consists ofmostly 802.11x (WiFi) and/or 802.16x WiMax technologies; robust securityand authentication software; gaming software; mobile carrier approvedhandsets with Windows® or Symbian® operating systems integrated within;and

(a) CDMA-technology that is secure for over-the-air data protection;

(b) at least two layers of user authentication, (that provided by themobile carrier and that provided by the gaming service provider);

(c) compulsory tunneling (static routing) to gaming services;

(d) end-to-end encryption at the application layer; and

(e) state-of-the-art firewall and DMZ technologies;

(2) an MWAN (Metropolitan Wireless Access Network), which consists oflicensed and license-exempt, point-to-point links, as well as licensedand license-exempt, point-to-multi-point technologies;

(3) private MAN (Metropolitan Access Network) T-1 and T-3 lines toprovide connectivity where wireless services cannot reach; and

(4) redundant private-line communications from the mobile switch back tothe gaming server.

Each of the “Game Spots” or “Entertainment Spots” are preferablyconnected via the MWAN/MAN back to central and redundant game servers.For accessing the private wireless networks 41, the gaming communicationdevices are preferably WiFi- or WiMax-enabled PDAs or mini-laptops, anddo not have to be managed by a third-party partner.

Preferably, the convenience gaming system includes a locationverification feature, which is operable to permit or disable gaming froma remote location depending upon whether or not the location meets oneor more criteria. The criterion may be, for example, whether thelocation is within a pre-defined area in which gaming is permitted bylaw. As another example, the criterion may be whether the location is ina no-gaming zone, such as a school. The location verification technologyused in the system may include, without limitation, “network-based”and/or “satellite-based” technology. Network-based technology mayinclude such technologies as multilateration, triangulation andgeo-fencing, for example. Satellite-based technologies may includeglobal positioning satellite (GPS) technology, for example.

As previously discussed, the cellular approach preferably includes theuse of at least one cellular, mobile, voice and data network. For gamingin certain jurisdictions, such as Nevada for example, the technology mayinvolve triangulation, global positioning satellite (GPS) technology,and/or geo-fencing to avoid the potential for bets or wagers to be madeoutside Nevada state lines. In some embodiments, the network would notcover all of a particular jurisdiction, such as Nevada. For instance,the network would not cover areas in which cellular coverage for aparticular base station straddled the state line or other boundary ofthe jurisdiction. This is done in order to permit the use of locationverification to insure against the chance of bets originating orterminating outside of the state. Triangulation may be used as a methodfor preventing gaming from unapproved locations. Triangulation may beaccomplished, for example, by comparing the signal strength from asingle mobile station received at multiple base stations, each havingGPS coordinates. This technology may be used to pinpoint the location ofa mobile station. The location can then be compared to a map or otherresource to determine whether the user of the mobile station is in anunapproved area, such as a school. Alternatively, GPS technology may beused for these purposes.

As shown in FIG. 5, the convenience gaming system includes a pluralityof gaming communication devices 54, 55, and 56. Device 54 is locatedoutside the gaming jurisdiction 58. Devices 55 and 56 are both locatedinside gaming jurisdiction 58. However only device 56 is located withingeo-fence 57, which is established by the coverage areas of a pluralityof base station 53. Thus, geo-fencing may be used to enable gaming viadevice 56 but disable gaming via devices 54 and 55. Even though somegaming communication devices that are within the gaming jurisdiction 58,such as device 55, are not permitted access to the convenience gamingsystem, the geo-fence 57 ensures that no gaming communication devicesoutside jurisdiction 58, such as device 54, are permitted access.

Geo-fencing does not specify location. Rather, it ensures that a mobilestation is within certain boundaries. For instance, geo-fencing may beused to ensure that a mobile station beyond state lines does not accessthe convenience gaming system. Triangulation on the other hand specifiesa pinpoint, or near-pinpoint, location. For example, as shown in FIG. 5,device 56 is triangulated between three of the base stations 53 todetermine the location of device 56. Triangulation may be used toidentify whether a device, such as a mobile station, is located in aspecific spot where gambling is unauthorized (such as, for example, aschool). Preferably, the location determination technology utilized inconjunction with the invention meets the Federal CommunicationCommission's (FCC's) Phase 2 E911 requirements. Geological InstituteSurvey (GIS) mapping may also be utilized to compare identifiedcoordinates of a gaming communication device with GIS map features orelements to determine whether a device is in an area not authorized forgaming. It should be noted that any type of location verification may beused such as triangulation, geo-fencing, global positioning satellite(GPS) technology, or any other type of location determining technology,which can be used to ensure, or provide an acceptable level ofconfidence, that the user is within an approved gaming area.

In other embodiments, location verification is accomplished usingchannel address checking or location verification using some otheridentifying number or piece of information indicative of which networkor portion of a network is being accessed by the gaming communicationdevice. Assuming the using of an identifying number for this purpose,then according to one method of location checking, as an example, aparticipant accesses the gaming system via a mobile telephone. Theidentifying number of the mobile telephone, or of the network componentbeing accessed by the mobile telephone, identifies the caller'sconnection to the mobile network. The number is indicative of the factthat the caller is in a defined area and is on a certain mobile network.A server application may be resident on the mobile telephone tocommunicate this information via the network to the gaming serviceprovider. In related embodiments, the identifying number for informationis passed from a first network provider to a second network provider.For example, a caller's home network may be that provided by the secondprovider, but the caller is roaming on a network (and in a jurisdiction)provided by the first provider. The first provider passes theidentifying information through to the second provider to enable thesecond provider to determine whether the caller is in a defined areathat does or does not allow the relevant gaming activity. Preferably thegaming service provider either maintains, or has access to, a databasethat maps the various possible worldwide mobile network identifyingnumbers to geographic areas. The invention contemplates using any numberor proxy that indicates a network portion of a network, or networkcomponent, which is being connected with a mobile telephone. Theidentifying number may indicate one or more of a base station or groupof base stations, a line, a channel, a trunk, a switch, a router, arepeater, etc.

In other embodiments of the present invention, when the user connectshis telephone to the gaming server, the gaming server draws the networkidentifying information and communicates that information into thegaming service provider. The software resident on the gamingcommunication device may incorporate functionality that will, upon loginor access by the user, determine the user's location (based at least inpart on the identifying information) and send a message to the gamingservice provider. The identifying number or information used todetermine location may be country-specific, state-specific,town-specific, or specific to some other definable boundaries.

In connection with any of the location determination methods, the gamingsystem may periodically update the location determination information.This may be done, for example, during a gaming session, at pre-definedtime intervals to ensure that movement of the gaming communicationdevice to an unauthorized area is detected during play, and not justupon login or initial access.

Thus, depending on the location determination technology being used, thedecision whether to permit or prohibit a gaming activity may be made atthe gaming communication device, at the gaming server, or at any of thecomponents of the telecommunication network being used to transmitinformation between the gaming communication device and the gamingserver (such as at a base station, for example).

An aspect of the private wireless network related to preventing gamingin unauthorized areas is the placement of sensors, such as RadioFrequency Identification (RFID) sensors on the gaming communicationdevices. The sensors trigger alarms if users take the devices outsidethe approved gaming areas. Further, the devices may be “tethered” toimmovable objects. Users might simply log in to such devices using theirID and password.

In connection with FIG. 6, an example embodiment of a method accordingto the invention can be described as follows. As discussed, software ispreferably loaded on a gaming communication device and is operable toreceive input data for gaming. The input data may originate atassociated gaming software resident on the gaming server, or it may beinput by the user of the gaming communication device. The software onthe device is operable to present a representation of a gamingenvironment. This can include, among other things, a representation of atable game such as a blackjack table or a slot machine. Other examplesof the representation of a gaming environment include graphicalrepresentations of any of the other applications described herein.

In the example method shown in FIG. 6, in a first step 602, the gamingcommunication device is activated. This may take place as a function ofturning on a phone, PDA, or other communication device as describedelsewhere herein. Preferably, activation comprises connecting the gamingcommunication device to a private data network. Part of the activationincludes logging in at a prompt. This may be considered as a first levelof authentication of a user of the gaming communication device. A secondlevel of user authentication comprises authentication of the gamingcommunication device itself. This may occur, for example, byauthentication of a mobile station by a mobile carrier. A third level ofuser identification may comprise biometrics. Various examples ofbiometrics may include, but are not limited to, fingerprintidentification, photo identification, retina scanning, voice printmatching, etc.

In a next step 604, the user is presented with the gaming environment.The gaming environment may be presented in various stages. For instance,in a first stage, the gaming environment may comprise a casino lobbywhere the user is presented with certain gaming options including, forexample, table games, slots, sports book, video poker, and a casinocashier. In a subsequent stage, the user may be presented with optionalinstances of the type of activity selected from the casino lobby.

In a next step 606, the user selects an activity, such as a particularcasino table game. In step 608, the user is presented with one or moreoptions related to the selected activity. In step 610, the user selectsan option. For instance, at this point, the user might place a wager,draw a card, select a restaurant or restaurant menu item, select a newssource or a news story, place a buy or sell order on a financialexchange, place a bet on a certain box office performance over/underamount for a given movie, etc. The options for user input are myriad. Instep 612, the software resident on the gaming communication deviceaccepts the option input by the user and transmits the input data to thesoftware resident at the gaming server. In step 614, the gaming serversoftware acts on the input data.

Actions in this point, may include, without limitation, determining anoutcome and/or amount, accessing another server and/or softwareapplication, retrieving information, preparing a response to the user,etc. The action of determining an outcome and/or amount might takeplace, for example, if the user is using the device to place wagers inconnection with a gambling activity. For certain gambling activities,such as a table game or slot machine, a random number generator may beincorporated to determine the outcome (i.e., whether the user won orlost) and the gaming server software would also determine an amount wonor lost based on the amount wagered and any applicable odds. The actionof accessing another server and/or software application might occur, forexample, in the event the user is engaging in a services activity suchas accessing news services, making reservations and placing food andbeverage orders at a restaurant, or making a retail purchase. The actionof retrieving information might occur when the gaming server software isprompted to access another server for the purpose of retrieving acertain type of information requested by the user.

Preferably, the gaming server software prepares a response to the user'sinput data and in step 616. In step 618, the user acknowledges theresponse. For example, in the case of gambling, the user mightacknowledge that he won a hand of blackjack because the dealer bustedand that his payout was $100 based on a $50 bet at even odds. In step620, the user logs out.

In the situation where the user is gambling, after the series of stepsdescribed in connection with FIG. 6, (or a subset or modified series ofsteps), the user physically enters a casino and goes to a casino cashierfor payout and/or settlement (which can include, for example, extensionsof credit or advance deposits). In some embodiments, there is a waitingperiod (e.g., twenty-four hours) before the user can collect winnings.The purpose of the waiting period is to allow time for fraud monitoring.The waiting period may depend on the amount of the balance. For example,if the user is owed less than $5,000 the waiting period may be twelvehours. If the user is owed between $5,000 and $10,000 the waiting periodmay be twenty-four hours. If the user is owed more than $10,000 thewaiting period may be forty-eight hours.

Preferably, data is transmitted back and forth during the conveniencegaming activities between the gaming communication device and a servercontrolled by the gaming service provider. An example of the path ofcommunication is shown in FIG. 7. Gaming data, such as a wager placed bythe user, is transmitted from gaming communication device 701 to a basestation 702 (or a transmitter in the case of a private wireless networksuch as a WiFi or WiMax network). Base station 702 routes the datathrough network 703 to a hub or gateway 704, which in turn routes thedata to a gaming server 705 operated by a gaming service provider.Preferably, the communication from gaming communication device 701 tothe network 703 comprises wireless communication. This may be any typeof known wireless communication, or any type of wireless communicationavailable in the future. Examples of acceptable wireless communicationprotocols include CDMA, GSM, and GPRS.

Preferably, the communication from the network 703 to the gateway 704and to the server 705 are conducted over secure land line. FIG. 7 is anexample communication network only and the invention should beunderstood to cover other networks in which data may be transmitted fromgaming communication device 701 to server 705. Preferably, data inresponse to data being transmitted from gaming communication device 701to server 705 is transmitted back to gaming communication device 701along a path essentially opposite to the path of the first transmission.It should be noted that in at least certain embodiments of the methodsand systems described herein, a user is not actually playing a game onthe gaming communication device. Rather, the user is actually playingthe game on the server controlled by the gaming service provider, whichmay be located within a casino, thereby interacting with the gamingdevice and the server. In other embodiments, the user may be playing thegame on the gaming device itself or interacting solely with the device.

With respect to payment and/or receipt of winnings and losses, onepossible approach is as follows. Upon check-in at a casino hotel, ahotel representative may query a guest as to whether the guest wantsaccess to a convenience gaming device. If the guest does want suchaccess, the hotel representative may provide the guest with a gamingcommunication device in exchange for a credit-card type deposit or otherdeposit. The guest then deposits money into an account for wirelessgaming. The guest's account balance information is loaded onto theguest's account file, which is preferably maintained on the gamingserver. The user may load money into his gaming account by establishinga credit account, for example, at a casino cashier and/or by paying cashto the casino cashier. Many other alternatives exist and this process isan example only. Guest accounts or gaming communication devices may bepreloaded with funds. Funds may be deposited during a convenience gamingsession. This may occur, for example, if a user selected a casinocashier activity from the gaming environment and instructed the cashierto add funds to the account. The finance subsystem may also utilizeaccount card technology (such as ATM cards, credit cards, stored valuecards, gift cards, etc) in order to conduct financial transactionsassociated with a user's account. Moreover, the user may receive or makepayments remotely, by way of inputting instructions via the gamingcommunication device or by another remote device such as an automaticteller machine (ATM), which is in electronic communication with thegaming server or other server operated by the casino, hotel, gamingservice provider or other entity involved in the convenience gamingactivities. For example, a user might remotely (via the gamingcommunication device) place an order at a restaurant. Then, the usermight make advance payment for the meal at an ATM-type machine which isoperable to receive instructions corresponding to the financialtransaction requirements of the convenience gaming activity of orderingfood.

Electronic records of the gaming transactions undertaken by a user maybe established. Preferably, this is accomplished by utilization of akeystroke log, which is an electronic record of all keystrokes made bythe user. Utilization of a keystroke log in this context allows forunprecedented monitoring of a user's gaming activity. In the event of adispute, one may refer to the keystroke log and readily determinewhether, in fact, a user placed a particular wager, for example.

An additional possible aspect of the electronic record is to allow agaming control board or other regulatory authority, access to theelectronic record in a direct manner in order to conduct periodicindependent monitoring of the convenience gaming activities conductedover the system. Another possible aspect is to allow policing againstrigged machines. For instance, it is possible that the gaming controlboard (or other regulatory authority) could obtain a gamingcommunication device and compare their test results over time againstrecords in the electronic record database (e.g., by comparing theresults shown in the keystroke log). This essentially compriseselectronic access for testing.

In other embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 8, a ship-basedconvenience gaming system is provided. The system preferably comprisespassenger vessel 802, such as a cruise liner for example. The systemincludes one or more gaming communication devices 806 connected to acommunication network. The network shown in FIG. 8 comprises a mobilenetwork with base stations 808 connected via a LAN to a base stationcontroller (BSC) 810. BSC 810 is connected via a T1 interface to a firstVery Small Aperture Terminal (SAT) modem 812, which is in communicationwith a first satellite 814. First satellite 814 is operable to transmitand receive signals from second satellite 814, which is in communicationwith second VSAT modem 812. Second VSAT modem 812 is in communicationwith a gaming server 818 located at gaming service provider 816. Gamingserver is coupled to gaming database 820. Again, the networkconfiguration depicted in FIG. 8 is for example purposes only, and otherconfigurations are within the scope of the invention. An on-board backoffice 822 is preferably provided. Data is communicated by the on-boardVSAT modem and transmitter to the first satellite for relay to thesecond (preferably land-based) VSAT receiver and modem. The data is thencommunicated to a server and/or centralized database via a mobilestation controller (not shown).

A corresponding business model involves the gaming service providercontracting with a cruise line, which agrees to allow the gaming serviceprovider to provide coverage throughout the cruise line's ship(s), byusing repeaters for example. The gaming service provider may provide aprivate wireless network, in which case any revenue generated from useof or access to the private wireless network, and revenue from gamingactivities, may be allocated among all or any subset of the cruise lineand the gaming service provider. Alternatively, the gaming serviceprovider may contract with a mobile carrier and a satellite provider, inwhich case revenue from the mobile calls, and revenue from gamingactivities, may be allocated among all or any subset of the cruise line,the mobile carrier and the gaming service provider.

There are several scenarios for a user's activity relative totransactions conducted over the convenience gaming system. In oneexample scenario the user is in a fixed, but remote, location from thegaming server, which may be located on the premises of a casino. Thismay include, for instance, a situation in which the gaming communicationdevice is a kiosk or some other communication device which is in a fixedposition or which is tethered to a fixed position so that the gamingcommunication device cannot be moved beyond a certain area. In anotherexample scenario, the user starts a convenience gaming transaction at afirst location and ends the transaction at a second location differentfrom the first location. In another example scenario, the user is mobileduring a single convenience gaming transaction. In another examplescenario, the user is mobile within a first approved area then (duringthe convenience gaming transaction) the user moves outside the firstapproved area, through an unapproved area, to a remote second approvedarea.

In another example embodiment, the convenience gaming system may be usedto enable gaming activities involving multiple wireless users whointeract with one another. For instance, the system may enable a tablegame (such as blackjack) in which a first user and a second user areconducting gaming transactions on the same table and in which optionsselected by the first user directly impact outcomes and options relativeto the second user. Preferably, the gaming environment presented on thegaming communication devices of both the first and second users willindicate the existence and activity of the other respective user.Another example of multiple users interacting on the convenience gamingsystem is the provision of a poker game in which users place betsagainst one another instead of, or in addition to, placing bets againstthe house. Another example of interaction between users is when a firstuser makes restaurant reservations or purchases event tickets, therebyreducing the options available to the second user.

Preferably, the gaming service provider provides at least the followingfunctions. First, the gaming service provider provides and controls theone or more gaming servers. These servers may be physically locatedwithin the confines of the gaming service provider or may exist at aremote location. As mentioned, the gaming servers may also be located ator near a games provider such as a casino, casino hotel, racino, cruiseship, race track, etc. The gaming service provider may also providemonitoring services such as transaction monitoring and key strokelogging services. The gaming service provider may also provide datamanagement and security services. These services are not intended to beexhaustive and the gaming service provider may provide other serviceswhich facilitate the convenience gaming process.

It should be noted that the invention can be implemented in connectionwith any gaming environment or an environment for any other activity,which may be conducted electronically. The invention is not limited toNevada or any other particular gaming jurisdiction. For instance, theinvention can be employed in connection with casinos in Atlantic City,N.J., international jurisdictions, Native American gaming facilities,and “racinos” which are race tracks that also have slot machines, videolottery terminals, or other gambling devices. For example, in connectionwith “racinos,” the invention might be used by participants who wish toplay slot machine games while they are viewing race horses in thepaddock area. This might be desirable in the event that the slot machinearea does not allow smoking and a participant wishes to gamble from anoutdoor smoking area. Alternatively, the slot machine area might permitsmoking and the gambler wishes to play the slot machines from an areawhere he or she can avoid breathing second-hand smoke. Numerous otherscenarios can be envisioned in which the gaming participant can use theinvention to participate in remote gaming, while enjoying some otherprimary activity in a location remote from the gaming facility.

Further, the invention is not limited to gaming, but can include otherapplications, such as trading financial instruments, and wagering onother types of events, such as elections, award events, or any otheractivity. More specifically, although the invention is described in thecontext of remote and/or mobile gaming, the principles of the inventionare applicable to any system or method that uses wireless communicationsor other portable devices including handheld devices such as personaldigital (or data) assistants (PDAs), computers, mini-computers, pagers,wireless terminals, mobile telephones, etc. Such systems may includeelectronic trading systems such as those used for trading financialinstruments or any commodities.

In at least one embodiment, the invention provides jurisdictionalcontrols, which limit gaming to approved geographical areas. Theinvention may also include an age/identity verification feature. Thiscan be accomplished through any applicable technique including retinascanning, finger print identification, voice print matching, or otherbiometrics. Identity verification can also be accomplished by having acustomer take a picture of himself (e.g., by use of a digital picturephone) and transmitting the picture to the gaming service provider forcomparison to a stored picture of the pre-approved user. Identityverification can also be accomplished by way of comparison ofparticipant provided data to stored data, and execution of electronicagreements or contracts by the participant. The invention may alsoprovide for the logging of keystrokes. In at least one embodiment, allcommunications are accomplished without accessing the Internet.

Mobile, remote gaming may be desirable for many reasons, some of whichhave already been described. The invention may allow supplementation ofexisting in-house gaming revenue by allowing bettors to place bets whileenjoying other leisure activities such as golf, swimming, dining andshows. The invention may complement the new coinless wageringenvironment as bettors can play their favorite games outside the casino.The invention provides a high-speed, reliable, accurate, and securemobile gaming environment that complies with regulatory requirements foridentification and location verification of the bettor with the abilityto generate key stroke logs. The invention may restrict unauthorizedusage from a geographic perspective and is capable of implementationusing location verification technology (e.g., geo fencing) to conformthe gaming activities to legal parameters.

Consumers may benefit from an increased choice of gaming environments.Consumers will be able to bet in whatever surroundings they prefer,benefiting from the knowledge that the product is regulated, fair andsecure while enjoying the gaming experience at the speed they choosewithout external influences, such as that which might occur within thein-house casino environment. The gaming businesses can use the inventionto increase their revenue base through a new, regulated, mobile, remotechannel. Customers wanting to be entertained during downtime or outsidea casino will be able to play games on their gaming communication deviceand customers intimidated by a traditional casino environment will beable to play in private. The gaming jurisdictions may benefit from anincrease in gaming an ancillary revenue growth because customers willhave a more enjoyable experience.

The invention may also be used to deliver content at an increased speedcompared to traditional telecommunications systems. The content mayinclude, for example, live reports, entertainment, news, promotions andadvertising.

As mentioned above, the invention provides a mobile gaming environmentthat complies with regulatory requirements for identification andlocation verification of the bettor. Moreover, the system is designed tobe one hundred percent “clean” from a regulatory perspective. Thesoftware is clean in that it has not been and will not be licensed toanyone who does business illegally or otherwise operates in a “gray”area. For example, in a preferred embodiment, the software is notlicensed to an entity that will illegally operate the software, orotherwise illegally do business on, the Internet. This may be desirablein that certain gaming jurisdictions will not grant gaming permits orlicenses to companies that do business with, or license technology to orfrom, other entities known to be engaging in illegal operations.

Preferably, the system is designed such that the gaming software (orother application software operating on the system) is also one hundredpercent clean from a regulatory perspective. For instance, beforegranting a license, a gaming jurisdiction may require that the softwarebeing used is not tainted in that it has not been used by the licenseapplicant in violation of any laws and has not been licensed orotherwise distributed or disseminated to others who have used thesoftware for illegal purposes, or who have been engaging in illegalactivity. Therefore, it is preferred that the gaming software be cleanand untainted from this perspective.

The systems and methods described herein may also be used to deliverand/or access “Rich Media” content such as, for example, sports video(live or nearly live) and audio commentary. Such may often only bedistributed within specific jurisdictions. Therefore, the distributionmay benefit from the inventive aspects discussed herein, particularlythe location verification aspect, such as geofencing.

The gaming system and methods described herein may permit, among otherthings, pari-mutuel wagering, sports betting, and dissemination of newsand other content. The invention also enables a casino or other gamingprovider to advertise ancillary services such as shows, bars, andrestaurants. The invention also enables remote reservations andpurchases in connection with such services.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the convenience gamingsystem provides for the dissemination of real-time odds to usersaccessing the system.

In other embodiments, an outcome in one transaction can trigger thepresentation to the user of options for a second transaction. Forexample, if a user wins a predetermined amount of money playingblackjack, the user might be presented with an option to purchase retailitems at a casino store or to make reservations for certain services ata club. As another example, if a user uses the system to purchase showtickets, the user might be offered to make reservations at one ofseveral restaurants within a certain proximity to the show.

In some embodiments of the invention, access to the gaming device may berestricted unless a soft check and/or a hard check are performed. Forexample, in a soft check process, a user may be required to enter avalid user name and associated password, whereas in a hard checkmechanism, the user may employ a physical token such as a card thatidentifies the user to the gaming device.

FIG. 9 illustrates an apparatus 920 to be used in conjunction with agaming device 910 as part of a hard check mechanism according to theinvention. Apparatus 920 may include any of a card which bears amagnetic strip (such as a credit card), a key that includes an RFIDtransponder, a limited-distance signal emitted or other transponder, asmart card that has a microprocessor or other circuit or “chip”, abracelet or wristband which includes a signal transmitter such as anRFID signal transmitter, or which includes a magnetically encodedsignal, a substrate that bears a bar code or other optically readableidentifier, or any combination of the same.

For example, in some embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 may bea magnet or a card bearing a magnetic strip (such as a credit card) or asmart card that has a microprocessor or other circuit or “chip” andwhich may be read by card reader 1010, which is part of gaming device1000, as depicted in FIG. 10. Alternatively, such a card may be read bya contact-less device (e.g., a signal reader which receives andinterprets signals transmitted by the card).

Apparatus 920 may therefore be capable of producing a signal that isdetectable by a gaming communication device such that access to thegaming device is provided when the signal is detected. Access to thegaming device may be provided for a predetermined period of time afterthe signal is initially detected or so long as the signal continues tobe detected. The signal produced by apparatus 920 may additionally oralternatively communicate identifying information stored on theapparatus. Such information may be communicated through a transponder orany other suitable emitter. Access to the gaming device may be providedwhen the identifying information is associated with a user that isauthorized to operate the gaming communication device. Such identifyinginformation may be stored on apparatus 920.

Moreover, the signal produced by apparatus 920 may additionally oralternatively communicate characteristics associated with the authorizeduser. These characteristics may include the average volume wagered bythe user, whether the user is a high-volume, medium-volume or low-volumewagerer, the user's wagering performance, whether the user is a memberof a club affiliated with the organization that distributed theapparatus to the user. User characteristics may be stored and updated onapparatus 920 and/or device 910 as the user enters into more wagers andtransactions, thereby enabling the provision of yet another layer ofsecurity for the device. For example, even after the initial soft andhard checks are successful, the user may subsequently be denied accessto device 910 if the updated information does not fall within apredetermined range of acceptable characteristics or does notsubstantially match ongoing wagering requirements within a predetermineddegree of tolerance. Alternatively or additionally, a certain number ofdeviation occurrences, which may be communicated by device 910 or merelycalculated based on the updated characteristics as communicated bydevice 910, may trigger an alarm signal generated at a security center.This signal may lead to increased surveillance of the user or may causesecurity or gambling facility personnel to take action vis-a-vis theuser.

Alternatively, the signal produced by apparatus 920 may be compatiblewith a certain class of devices (e.g., gaming devices associated with arelatively higher limit, if at all, on the amounts allowed to bewagered). Before being provided with the apparatus, a user may berequired to provide identifying information (e.g., a user I.D.). Uponreceipt of this information, a provider such as a gambling facility, mayretrieve a user record or profile containing characteristics associatedwith the user and the information provided. The user may then beprovided with an apparatus that corresponds to the retrievedcharacteristics. An example of such a verification process relating towagering is discussed below.

In some embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 does not produce anysignal. Instead, apparatus 920 may be a storage device or storage mediumsuch as tape, memory, a disk, etc. and gaming device 910 may have areader capable of extracting information such as a compact disk or otherdisk or tape reader, or any other card reader or device capable ofextracting information stored on such a storage mechanism.

In some embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 may also serve otherfunctions. In addition to, or as an alternative to, securing access to awireless gaming device, apparatus 920 may use the same mechanismsdescribed herein to communicate with a gaming station or otherinterface. For example, apparatus 920 may be associated with informationthat grants the user access to certain non-mobile gaming devices,certain areas within a casino or a hotel, a particular nightclub orrestaurant, a particular room or suite, etc., or serve as a user orplayer tracking card, e.g., a “comp card”.

In other embodiments of the invention, apparatus 920 may be a braceletor wristband such as bracelet 1100 depicted in FIG. 11. Bracelet 1100can be made of many types of material, such as rubber, plastic, metal orany combination thereof. Bracelet 1100 may be adapted for single-use ormultiple uses. The ends of the bracelet may be attachable at point 1111such that the bracelet can be affixed to or worn on, e.g., the wrist ofa user of the game device. For example, bracelet 1100 may have adhesiveon one end, allowing that end to be adhered to the other end when thebracelet is formed into a loop around the user's wrist.

The bracelet may include a chip, transmitter or transponder which emitsa signal that identifies the user (e.g., by emitting a signal thatrepresents a unique identifier such as a signal that represents asequence of alphanumeric characters). In such embodiments, the bracelet,when worn by a user of the gaming device, can emit a signal that isreceived by the gaming device, which in turn informs the gaming devicethat the wireless gaming device is being used by an authorized user(e.g., the user associated with the unique identifier transmitted by thebracelet).

The bracelet may operate only for the period during which it is worn bya user. For example, the bracelet or gaming device may include a devicewhich permits detection of whether the bracelet is in a looped positionwith its ends adhered to each other. This can be advantageous where itis desirable to determine, after a bracelet has been worn by a user,whether the bracelet has been removed by the user (because the ends ofthe bracelet are no longer in contact with each other). In someembodiments of the invention, a very low amperage current can be passedthrough the bracelet through a transmitter or battery in the bracelet.Thus, if the bracelet is worn by a user, the ends of the bracelet willbe electrically connected and a closed circuit will be formed therebycausing current to flow through the circuit. Such a current can bedetected by the gaming device. In other embodiments, the magnetic fieldof the circuit can be detected by the gaming device. If the circuit isbroken or otherwise disengaged, indicating that the user has probablyremoved the bracelet, then the hard check can fail, and the user mustpass the hard check in another manner (e.g., by obtaining anotherbracelet). The bracelet may or may not be permanently disabled uponremoval.

The bracelet may have visual or other indicator or indicia associatedwith user characteristics. Accordingly, different users may be handedout bracelets having different colors, dimensions, sizes, styles, etc.based on their gaming, or other, traits. For example, upon verificationof user identity and/or retrieval of user record, a user that wagers ortrades in high volumes may be given a bracelet having a different colorthan that given to a user that wagers or trades in lower volumes.

In some embodiments, the gaming device may be configured to provide arecognizable visual, audio and/or other signal when access to the deviceis provided through the bracelet (i.e., when the hard check issuccessful) or merely when the device is within a certain distance fromthe bracelet. For example, an LED on the gaming device may be enabledwhen access is provided. As another example, the device may produce ablinking light, a beeping sound and/or may vibrate when the device iscapable of detecting the bracelet and/or when the user actuates alocator button on the device. Actuation of such a button may also bepart of a sequence of steps taken to unlock the device.

In some embodiments of the invention, the gaming device may beprogrammed to recognize one or more particular bracelets at the time thewireless gaming device is registered to be provided to a user. In suchembodiments, the gaming device may be selected or determined to match orcorrespond to the unique identifier of the particular bracelet. Forexample, a unique identifier may be stored by, coded into, or programmedinto the wireless gaming device.

In other embodiments of the invention, a unique identifier, and/or usercharacteristics, are coded into the bracelet at the time the wirelessgaming device is registered to be provided to a user. In theseembodiments, the identifier of the bracelet would be set to match,correspond to or otherwise be recognized by, the wireless gaming device.

In some embodiments of the invention, the identifiers associated with ahard check apparatus (e.g., a bracelet as discussed above) are stored ona server or other device that the wireless gaming device can access. Inother embodiments, the wireless gaming device does not store suchidentifiers. Information conveyed from the apparatus to the wirelessgaming device may be checked, compared to predetermined criteria ormatched locally (i.e., at the wireless gaming device by, e.g., thedevice itself) or remotely through, e.g., a server which canauthenticate users and communicate back with the device. For example,such information may be transmitted across network 16 of FIG. 1 and maybe processed by computer 18.

In some embodiments of the invention, the identifier associated with aparticular apparatus (e.g., bracelet) allows one or more accounts of theuser to be recognized and accessed. For example, an account that storesor manages the “comp points” of the user may be determinable by, andaccessible from, the wireless gaming device. Thus, the user may wagerusing the wireless gaming device and also have her comp pointsmanipulated (e.g., added to in accordance with her use of the wirelessgaming device).

The wireless gaming device can be programmed to determine the form ofhard check used (e.g., from a bracelet instead of from a comp card witha magnetic stripe). For example, the manner of input may provide such adetermination (e.g., an identifier received via an integrated cardreader as depicted in FIG. 10 indicates that the hard check is performedvia a card, while an identifier received via an RFID transponderindicates that the hard check is performed via a bracelet as depicted inFIG. 11). Alternatively or additionally, the form of hard check may becoded into the identifier. For example, identifiers that begin with thenumber “1” may indicate that the hard check is via a card, whileidentifiers that begin with the number “2” indicate that the hard checkis via a bracelet.

Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certainembodiments and generally associated methods, alterations andpermutations of these embodiments and methods will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art. Accordingly, the above description of exampleembodiments does not define or constrain this disclosure. Other changes,substitutions, and alterations are also possible without departing fromthe spirit and scope of this disclosure.

1. (canceled)
 2. An apparatus comprising: a magnetic reader; at leastone processor to: receive, via the magnetic reader, a signalrepresentative of an identifier associated with a user from atransmitter of a bracelet; detect whether a current is flowing throughthe bracelet; in response to determining that the identifier is validand that the current is flowing through the bracelet, authorize the userto enter a particular location; in response to determining that theidentifier is invalid or that the current is not flowing through thebracelet, deny the user from accessing the particular location; inresponse to determining that the identifier is valid and that thecurrent is flowing through the bracelet, retrieve a record indicative ofcharacteristics associated with a user; and generate a visual or audiblesignal that indicates the user is authorized to enter or denied entry tothe particular location.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the atleast one processor is further configured to detect a magnetic field inorder to detect whether the current is flowing through the bracelet. 4.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor isconfigured to receive updates on the characteristics associated with theuser.
 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the characteristics compriseat least one of average volume wagered by the user, a wageringperformance of the user, or a certain number of deviation occurrences.6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor isconfigured to transmit to a server the identifier and an indication ofwhether the current is flowing through the bracelet.
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured topermanently forbid the bracelet from being used to access the particularlocation, in response to determining that the current is not flowingthrough the bracelet.
 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at leastone processor is further configured to receive a further indication thatthe signal is coming from a bracelet.